Sperm in the woman's egg cell growth begins at the junction. First step of growth, "hyperplasia," the so-called increase in the number of cells. This, "hypertrophy", watching the growth of cell dimensions. Every tissue and organ development process of watching different. Brain weight at birth, the adult in the 25% to 95% reaches the age of 10. lymph tissues in children, taking up more space than adults. Also shows considerable differences according to age development of the limbs. Infants, the head is quite large. Almost one-third of the length of a newborn baby's head is. With the head-body ratio declining with advancing age. The rib cage begins to grow rapidly after the sixth month. 9-12 prolonged arm and leg. months, is accelerating. Adolescence is the period length of the legs and feet are growing fast. Width of the hips in girls, growing focus on young men is increasing diameter of the rib cage. Shoulders is expanding and increasing the length of the body. After adolescence, adulthood is reached largely paint.Which paint to reach the person largely controlled by genetic factors. However, nutritional, hormonal and environmental factors also significantly affect the length. The process of growth begins in the womb. The mother's good nutrition, a healthy process of pregnancy affects the child's future height. Feeding the baby in the womb through the placenta, the organ is called the growth in this period and for the healthy and functional condition of a placenta. Growth retardation in infants leads to deficiencies in the structure of the placenta. The mother is high blood pressure, alcohol or cigarette smoking adversely affects the development of the baby. Belonging to the mother or the placenta, which causes growth retardation before birth, after birth, healthy, and normal nutritional conditions, showing good growth provided the majority of babies up to two years old, is closing the gap with their peers. This is premature, that is true for babies born early. However, due to the baby's prenatal growth retardation of the rind Fortunately, this difference in size and usually does not close and the children always lags in development by their peers. Overall, 15% of babies born pre-natal growth back to childhood and adult life as a short stay. Genetic factors affecting growth in the period before birth is not possible to control, but a good and balanced nutrition of the mother during pregnancy, smoking and advised to stay away from such habits. If there's illnesses, physical and psychological stresses and birth intervals closely as possible to avoid the development of the baby is not important to.
Growth is most rapid in the first 2 years of age. Which is about 3 kg of body weight at birth, or about three times a year, reaching 9-11 kg. Again, an average of 50 cm in length at birth, a baby is 12 months, reaching approximately 75cm. The growth rate in the second half of life, and (about 12 cm / year) continued to decline since the age of 4 years, coming down 5-6 cm. Late childhood, ie the time until the start of 4 years of puberty, and elongation growth rate constant is 5-6 cm per year. If the space of a year, more than one child in this period 4'cm necessarily need to be evaluated by a physician. The effect was rapid growth in the first two years of growth hormones, as well as the most important nutritional factor. So the first years of the child nutrition significantly affects the size of the future. Period of three years until 10 years longer life of the engine size, as well as environmental factors, the most important factor affecting the growth hormones. The influence of steroid sex hormones in the structure of extension of the period of adolescence indeyse size. Continue for a prolonged period of post-pubescent boy, although the final adult height is usually does not affect too much.
Adolescence
Adolescence is a process that is passed from childhood to adulthood. In this process, the physical and mental changes occur in children is important. Adolescence, the effect of hormones secreted by the pituitary gland, begins and estrogen in girls, the physical properties as a result of increase in the level of testosterone in men taking shape. One of the most important features of the acceleration of growth in adolescence. Breast growth in girls, male children were among the first signs of puberty testicular growth is considered in general. You study capillary growth, and is followed by other symptoms. Finally, girls, menstruation, sperm production begins and the focus on young men from adolescence to adulthood, takes over.
The average age at onset of puberty in girls 10 years of age. The mean duration 4.9 years until the end of puberty began. One begins about 2 years after the start of adolescence. Rapid height increase in girls than boys starts earlier than 2 years. Elongation speed of the fastest level reaches 11.5 years old for girls size. Onset of puberty in girls all the time until you see the one-size 7-8cm per year rate of elongation. We see the final pieces of the girls round the neck reaches a large extent. Piece after the girls average length of 6cm (1-11cm) stretched. The final length of the most important factor affecting the height at the entrance to adolescence. The average length of 142 cm in girls before puberty. The process from start to completion of puberty in girls, the average total height increase 16cm finds. Girl children from the age of 14 when the height increase of 96% is completed and reaches 163cm. Elongation seen in girls after more than 16 years. Starting at the age of puberty in boys and 3.5 years, takes an average of 12. During adolescence, boys grow a 10cm-long years. During adolescence, boys and 174cm extends the reach 26cm. Reaching the final height in 96% of men age 16 and usually 18-year-old stands of elongation. Much faster than normal before puberty, scroll quickly to ensure that children entering adolescence or adult height, are lower than expected.
Factors Determining Length of the mother's womb
Growth of the unborn, intrauterine environment, genetic factors, hormones and growth factors influence. The first steps of embryo development, mainly "homeoboks known as" Programming by a series of genes. As a result of not being able to short stature of various diseases of these genes is seen as the best. The following days in the womb, nutrition, hormones, growth factors and growth affect the amount of oxygen supplied to the baby. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF), by increasing cell proliferation, differentiation, the most important molecules that stimulate growth. Factors that stimulate the secretion of this factor to the amount of oxygen and nutrition to the baby one way or another. Increase in blood sugar levels, insulin secretion and leads to a parallel syntheses of the IGF. These factors, except "epidermel growth factor", "fibroblast growth factor", endothelin, and insulin-like growth controlling molecules. "Leptin", a molecule called an unborn baby is fed by editing the growth control. This has a direct relationship between birth weight, the concentration of the molecule. In the second half of pregnancy, hormones such as testosterone and estrogen effect on growth is seen. Estrogens accelerate the development of the baby's bones. Male infants with higher levels of testosterone, men allows them to have a higher birth weight.
Maternal nutrition, is very important organs in the first 3 months occurred. During this period, lower birth weight in infants of mothers with malnourished infants during the first months of this happening, and caught more frequent infections. This is a high risk of having babies structural abnormality. Structural abnormalities in the infants in the womb leads to problems of development. The drugs used during pregnancy, exposure to x-rays, pulses, passed infections, hormonal disorders, high blood pressure, heart and lung diseases in infants leads to retardation of development. To nourish and provide oxygen to her baby in the womb, "placenta" in the growth retardation disorders, can lead to premature or stillbirth.
Factors Affecting Length of birth
Genetic factors that control development in the womb, after birth, is one of the factors affecting the length elongation. Therefore, length is longer than the parents in their children is usually a long, shorter in children is short. Some of the genes on the X and Y sex chromosomes of the growth and development of the organizing aspect. Seventeenth long arm of chromosome "growth hormone" that controls the synthesis of a similar nature, and has 5 different genes. These are the most important genes that affect adult height. Children in the 18th months after the height curve, which is genetically determined take their places. Between genetic factors influence length of elongation can not be changed. However, nutritional and environmental factors is very important in determining the final neck.
Very important aspect of nutrition in prolonging post-partum. Normal growth and potential of the genetic aspect to take in the best way to use the child's age-appropriate calorie and balanced diet is extremely important. Especially the first two years of rapid growth in the eating disorders, chronic vomiting, chronic diarrhea or malnutrition, it is wrong and, most important among the factors that held back growth. Poor diet, IGF and growth hormone levels, leading to the decline.
The amount of protein sufficient for normal bone growth needs to be taken. The ideal hardness of minerals such as calcium and phosphorus for the bones to come, very important to take enough vitamins A and D. Elements such as zinc and copper are essential for height increase.
The excretion of hormones regulating growth and development of many endocrine glands in the body. At the beginning of the growth regulating hormones secreted by the pituitary gland in the brain "growth hormone", that is growth hormone. Growth hormone and the effect of certain growth factors produced in the body, the ends of the bone growth plates division and proliferation of cartilage cells are obtained by providing extension of the normal size. In addition, thyroid hormones, cells supports growth by increasing the metabolic events, organizing, and bone maturation. Estrogen in girls, focus on young men, testosterone during puberty, especially in the main hormones that stimulate rapid growth. All of this deceleration in growth hormone deficiency, short stature, and seems to stop.
My height Why Short?
80% connected to the structural or genetic factors. This type of a disease on the basis of size s has no shortening. Length the length of the most important factor in determining the genetic structure that is specified. So, when a baby is born largely in the future will be how long it will determine the length. Boy, is controlled by genes transmitted from parent to child. Length is longer than the mother and father are usually taller children. Genetics as a short, short of the parents of the kids is usually short compared with their peers and adult sizes also remain short. Accepted as a short treatment in these subjects, applied genetics. Some of the studies, growth hormone therapy, may affect the final length of 2-3 cm shows a maximum. Structurally, most children with short stature as a late-developing people based. These children are provided a balanced and healthy diet, which is genetically determined ideal tribes can gain after adolescence. Some of the structural short-s, the expected genetic tribes do not reach adulthood. Structured as a short, close to puberty, growth hormone therapy can be applied to people believed to be retarded. Structural brevity is usually seen in boys and testosterone therapy can be applied to children. This treatment is supposed to be applied only under the supervision of an endocrinology specialist. Unnecessary, inappropriate or when the doses of hormones, leading to premature closure of growth plates of bone ends more or shorten the length.
Length approximately 20% of the medically abnormal shortness s accepted situations, that is, connected to diseases. One of them is defective bone development as a genetic "skeletal dysplasia known as" situations. Syndromes caused by disorders in some aspect of chromosome structure, leading to shorter operating convenience. For example, Noonan, Russell-Silver, Prader-Willi syndromes, such as, respectively, 12.7 and 15 deterioration due to chromosome seen.Excess or deficiencies in the number of chromosomes in a short length can cause operating convenience. An additional 21 units chromosome in which tribes of people with Down syndrome, the average is short. Sex chromosomes abnormalities can affect the length.
Conditions that cause short operating convenience aspect is an important part of the growth hormone deficiency. The synthesis of growth hormone in the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland in the brain that control and various diseases, by affecting the synthesis of growth hormone leads to height. Growth hormone deficiency short length one-quarter of heart diseases due to disorders of the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland. The remaining three-quarters of the reason stems from the lack of certain non-growth hormone. Growth hormone deficiency, an infant is seen every 4000. This is the normal height and weight babies are born. However, the reduction in rates of growth seen after the sixth month. This hormone deficiency, delayed puberty and sexual organs, causing a negative impact on development. Height to connect to the shortness of growth hormone deficiency, the deficiency in the blood levels need to show. If the short stature and growth hormone deficiency is connected precisely, growth hormone therapy should start in the shortest period of time. These people see the most benefit from growth hormone.
Liver and kidney failure, severe heart and lung diseases, medical conditions which prevent lengthening of the length. Long-term infections, anemia, vitamin deficiencies, and to shorten the length of slowing growth is considered reasons. For example, recurrent urinary tract or throat infections in young children is able to short stature. Used in the treatment of some diseases, steroids, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can reduce the length elongation. Domestic unrest, extreme stress and mental illness, or feeding one's hormonal balance by reducing the size to break pause longer. The person's final height is mainly controlled by genetic factors, although environmental factors, diseases, stress, hormones and nutritional status is very important in determining the demand for space in adult neck.
Growth Hormone Therapy
Growth hormone therapy, usually used in people identified the lack of this hormone. First, the growth hormone derived from the pituitary gland of cadavers in the 1950s, was banned in 1985 for vital brain caused by disease. Later, these so-called variant Creutzfeldt Jakob disease, the so-called prion, while achieving the pituitary hormone involved in drug and disease was understood due to the propagator of protein particles. For nearly 15 years, this hormone is produced under laboratory conditions. Treatment is usually implemented as a single dose in the evening. Thanks to years of treatment with 3-4 cm to 12 cm in height elongation rate is reached. Growth hormone, the body given in the form of a needle or a spray you know. Around $ 15,000 yearly expense for the treatment. In recent years, developed a new strategy of dose, increased the effectiveness of growth hormone. The new method, to understand the effectiveness of growth hormone, IGF-I levels measured in blood. IGF-I, a protein that mediates the effects of growth hormone. During the treatment, the dose of growth hormone, IGF-I level is sufficient as long as the upgrading. With this method, fixed-dose treatment with 50% more height increase is achieved by the application. Those who most benefit from treatment with growth hormone, this hormone is deficient individuals. In addition, Turner's syndrome, renal failure, and bone development in some very big benefits to patients with conditions there. Boy stops the extension of the period after puberty or in adults, growth hormone-long stretch the outside. However, the benefits of treatment with growth hormone deficiency in adults is. This table extends the length of people with growth hormone increases bone density, reduces fat tissue, supports heart contractions, increasing exercise capacity and improves a person's mood.
Treatment with growth hormone deficiency of the hormone not only to benefit people with the outside. Recent studies show that extends the length of this hormone in healthy children. A group of scientists at Stanford University's research on growth hormone therapy in 121 children, was shown to be very useful in children with normal hormone levels. Society to the average of 3% in the shortest chapter in the long-term follow-up of the 121 child-size lengths of 80 calculated from 5 to 6 cm was passed. Currently, growth hormone, this hormone insufficiency, Turner syndrome, or used in children with chronic renal failure. However, recent studies in healthy, but also in children with short stature and growth hormone therapy can benefit shows.
Growth hormone therapy has some side effects. Hand, face and feet, disproportionate growth, increased blood pressure, excessive hair growth, the most common side effects of growth hormone.
My Height Is Short?
One of the most curious issues during the development of man, whether or not the normal length. Mothers at the beginning of the questions asked by a pediatrician, "Is my child a short length, weight is normal?" Is coming. Although weight losses usually compensated later seen as an important problem than short stature in society. people's height, the communities, to races differ. There are important differences between the average length of the average in Japan Boyla Netherlands. Therefore, the lengths of their size, it needs to evaluate according to the size of a normal society. Height distribution in society, a bell-curve fits. In other words, a group of people the same age on the vertical axis the number, size or length of the horizontal axis is plotted a graph to show the shape of it looks like Bobby's. This percentile value of 50 is called in the middle of the bell curve. People in this part of the graph is considered exactly average. The right side of the chart, increasing the average size is considered long. The left side of the chart height abruptly shortened. As little as 3% of the left-most part of the front is considered to be taken into account. In other words, the longest queue when you put a hundred people from the most kısaya up the middle and a person 50 Persan tilde, and the last 3 Persan kişiyse 3 is considered a tilde. Height measurement charts drawn separately for each society and to understand whether the person's age at the normal length of the paint enough to look at the provision. Significantly deviates from normal people with 3 percentile of this chart, and is assumed to be of medical importance.
Height measurement is below 3% by age and sex, except in the low growth rate is considered abnormal. Experts, not growing along the foot of a number of years, a consistent body of dress pants and shortening the height of parents indicate that it is sufficient to suspect the development backwardness. 5-year extension of the child's height is less than a centimeter at a time early or normal seyrindey stands and must be considered abnormal in this condition should consult a doctor. Boy, even in a normal family of curves under the curve is determined by the target dye sometimes is regarded as a sign of developmental delay.
How can I extend seventy inches?
Thousands of years ago, the ancestors of the structural sense, the most important differences size comes at the beginning. One hundred thousand years ago people aspect of today's people for at least 30 cm of height difference. It seems that each new generation to grow a little more length than the previous one. According to a report published in the U.S. According to the 1960 average human height of about 2 cm 'have an increase. Over time the cause of this elongation is not just a random thought to adapt to the development or the environment. Changes in eating habits of the developing societies, a wide variety of food, healthy and conscious consumption of one aspect may be important factors in elongation between said. Structural properties, changes in the structure of genes, are transferred to next generations. For this reason, the person most important factor determining the size of the genetic code. Length to reach the person in the future, commensurate with the mother and father's height. To reach the final adult height of a child, the parents can calculate their height. Later to calculate the size of a male child, the parents gathered round it, and that figure is added to 13 is divided into two. This figure is derived from the formula, the male child in the future is to reach the final size. For calculating the size of the child's adult daughter, mother and father's clans is divided into two removed from the sum of 13. Calculated in this way, the final height, is considered a person's genetic height and 5cm differs from the average. In other words, nutrition, fitness and wellness of all the recommendations, genetic influences are 5-10 cm long. In this case, the adult height of 170 cm to 150 cm, calculated as the length of a person is not possible. Of course, such calculations, in the absence of an underlying disease or hormone deficiency in healthy subjects, ie current. For short stature, such as growth hormone deficiency have an underlying cause, in the post-treatment time 20cm'nin be provided on the height increase.
The most important factor affecting the final size of the person's genetic code, though, the most important reason for shortness all the world undernourished boy. The effects of nutrition on height increase, scientists investigated intensively. The child's mother and father to the relatively short length of the long or hereditary effects, as well as the effect of nutrition from birth to puberty period is also very important. Researchers, on the impact of food-sized state that begins in the womb. Healthy and balanced diet of the mother, should stay away from alcohol and cigarettes. And the implementation of strict diet to lose weight is not recommended during pregnancy. Puts in danger from over-weight in a healthy pregnancy. The most appropriate type of diet, vegetables, fruits and proteins to be balanced. At the end of a healthy pregnancy are usually girls 48, boys size 50 cm rises rapidly continue to take. Significantly affect the length of the first two years of development ahead. The best way to use genetic height potential, particularly in the first two years of life to take the appropriate calories and balanced nutrition is very important. The amount of protein sufficient for normal bone growth needs to be taken. In addition, the A, C and E vitamins, calcium, phosphorus, and iodine must be consumed in adequate amounts of food during growth. Elements such as zinc and copper are essential for the height increase. And the elements necessary to obtain enough protein from meat and dairy products, childhood and adolescence, is recommended to consume on a regular basis. The body needs vitamins for height increase one way or another, has plenty of vegetables and fruits. Loop eat any uncooked vegetables and fruits can be eaten raw as possible is required. Children can receive all kinds of solid foods does not need additional vitamin supplements. So, on a regular basis in childhood or adolescence, said that the effect of prolonged length of vitamins. Excess calories from protein, and extend the length of the outside.
Great importance for the development of a good night's sleep in childhood. Regular sleep, the importance of the mind and body for the development of a scientifically proven fact. Brain development is most rapid during the first months of the day is almost more than half of babies spend sleeping. Gradually reduced but this time, remains the importance of regular sleep during all of childhood. Development of a body good, therefore, an ideal size for the child's sleep needs have enough to correct. From insomnia, excessive psychological stress adversely affects the development. Intense psychological development of children who are under stress, than did those living in a peaceful and happy staying back. Therefore, the ideal length to reach the child's regular sleep, and very important to ensure a peaceful environment.
Length prolongation, regular, sports like basketball and swimming is believed to benefit. Resemble those of basketball or volleyball but no conclusive scientific data has long passed. Some researchers, such as a secondary effect impact on the sports aspect, that is, a person's overall health as a result of the positive effects that affect the overall development of the body, thus contributing to prolongation of the neck, he says. However, it has all kinds of sport contribute to the prolongation of the neck. For example, weightlifting, wrestling, and body-building, such as the ends of the bone growth plates applied stress sports, concur on the contrary, subject to slow down a longer length. However, the weight applied to sports activities or use of this "anabolic steroid" Is the bone medications known to cause premature closure of growth plates are the ends, not exactly being introduced. As a result, a balanced diet and regular sport, by positively affecting the development of body size also contributes to the prolongation. measures must not be forgotten that the effectiveness of a particular age. Girls 14, boys 16 years old in 96% of final adult height is reached. Height increase, get the latest version of the skeleton, the bone ends of the closure of growth plates, girls 16, boys 18 years old, largely focus on young stands. After this age a maximum of 1-2 cm seems to elongation. Growth hormone than a vitamin or medicine no longer length. Length short operating convenience, some hormone insufficiency and diseases that cause the testosterone or thyroid hormone may require support. Therefore, the cause of this size have a short operating convenience, the most important step to be taken to extend the length. Height, early diagnosis and treatment of the factors that lead to short operating convenience possible to extend length. Applied in the absence of growth hormone treatment, it is possible to achieve the desired growth rate. That normal levels of this hormone can not be found, and an underlying disease, ie, the healthy growth hormone from short extension can provide a 5-6 cm.
In summary, the normal size chart, entering at the shortest 3% of the people to examine medically accepted and taken as a short. If you have a disease that causes a short operating convenience aspect, the treatment of this reason it is possible to achieve a normal paint. However, this kind of shorts, a doctor who requested a short 10-s only accounts for 20%. The early diagnosis of people with shortness of this important aspect. For this reason, parents need to be a pretty good observer. Budding, shortening trousers and inlets that were not required to accept the shoes as a sign of alarm. He was short 80-90% of the patients can not find an underlying cause or disease. Some of these, ie the normal paint reaching structural shorts themselves, and others referred to as genetic short stays as short. Can not connect to any aspect of a cause shortness ity, the needs to be done, the measures to be taken starting in childhood.However, making healthy eating and regular sports genetically determined, but they can be over lengths up to 5-10 cm. In other words, these people no matter what they do, more is not possible prolongations. Nutrition, regular fitness, sleep, and peaceful environment, especially effective in early childhood and adolescence. What do I do after the end of adolescence is completed the development of bone size is not possible to extend more than 1-2cm. An operation the size of some innate disproportionate arms and legs extended Maksan only applied larında brevity. This type of surgery is very difficult and risky. As a result, the short length of genetic structure is very effective, addiction, although determination of the elements that cause a short manuscript in preparation, healthy eating, sports and regularly return to paint the ideal life, or the amount specified on the neck of a possible exit.
Surgery to extend Boy
Human beings can be extended throughout the surgery. Various structural abnormalities birth, as visible to the user or the person's daily life, move to continue with surgery in people with a short length can be extended height. Such surgery is not the whole body, not only applied to the arm and leg bones. If you have short stature due to the curvature of the spine, the spine through the length can be extended to fix. This kind of curvatures of the spine, all along the spine with metal rods placed in a person's size can be extended up to 10-15 cm. Both the innate and late-occurring, such as legs or arms constitute a disproportionate shortness cosmetic problem also leads to functional impairments. Resolve these problems, sometimes a person's daily work can be very important to make. In these cases, surgery can prolong the length of the arm or leg. Requested extension of the bone is placed on both ends of the metal between metal nails and tacks, this method of connection, such as the bone is like a cage covers. Thanks to the connection between the metal studs on both ends of the bone, the distance can be adjusted to each other nails. Possible link between them by extending the pins away from each other. Nails, further away from each other by the metal interconnect, the parts are attached to the bone gradually separates from each other. The two ends of the bone in a short distance from each other, the space in between filled with new bone tissue. The formation of bone tissue in the intervening time to give each other very slowly removed from both ends of the bone. For prolongation of a healthy bone, both bone ends, not to exceed 1 mm a day need to remove from each other. With this method, the bones of 15-20cm of up to prolongation can be achieved. This kind of extension methods in bone and size, but must be done by experts in orthopedics in cases of medical necessity. Or from the family size due to hormonal causes of such surgical procedures.
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